Matlock Bioethics Practice Exam

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• Which ethical principle is summarized as 'Do no harm'?
• In a single-blind study, which of the following is true?
• Which ethical framework is associated with deontology and focus on rational duties?
• In the Carlos R case, an adult with HIV does not want to disclose to his sister. This raises tensions between which principles?
• What is the key distinction between positive and negative rights?
• Tarasoff v. Regents established that clinicians may disclose patient information to warn potential victims when the patient poses what?
• In the embryo versus zygote distinction, which option correctly describes the embryo?
• Which theory argues that a just distribution maximizes the net good for society?
• Beneficence is best described as which of the following?
• Judith Jarvis Thomson’s position on abortion can be described as ...
• Which statement is commonly cited in support of human reproductive cloning?
• Informed consent is defined as:
• According to Mill, when is individual liberty rightfully restricted?
• Which statement best describes the primary purpose of informed consent in medical treatment?
• Phase I clinical trials primarily involve:
• Which form of argument infers that if a conditional premise is true and the consequent is false, then the premise is false?
• Which issue is described as a moral conflict in nursing involving balancing duties to help patients with respecting their autonomy?
• Which term means the human-held belief in superiority that justifies exploiting or mistreating other species?
• Which potential negative consequence of IVF is listed?
• Which of the following are considered components of informed consent?
• Which is NOT listed as a moral concern about IVF?
• Which description best defines Virtue Ethics?
• Which statement captures a common argument against voluntary euthanasia?
• Which principle is described as respecting a patient’s rational capacity for self-determination through disclosure?
• Non-voluntary euthanasia is described as
• Which description best characterizes the blastocyst stage?
• Which principle applies in all cases unless an exception is warranted?
• Which information must be disclosed to obtain informed consent?
• In what year was the structure of DNA published?
• Which theory holds that right actions conform to moral standards discerned in nature through human reason?
• Which statement correctly describes a double-blind study?
• Which fallacy is defined as using ambiguous language to conceal the truth or shifting the meaning of a key term during an argument?
• Which of the following represents a problem with refusing treatment when the patient is described as a 'mature minor'?
• Which statement best characterizes strong paternalism?
• Which ethical issue in genetic testing ethics involves duties to warn family members?
• Kantian ethics and informed consent are best described as:
• Which term describes the moment when a pregnant person first feels the fetus moving?
• What is paternalism?
• Phase II clinical trials primarily involve:
• Under the higher brain standard, when is a person considered dead?
• Which statement accurately reflects Roe v. Wade's holding?
• Withholding vs withdrawing care: Withholding care means
• Voluntary euthanasia is defined as
• The Declaration of Helsinki established ethical principles for research involving human subjects after which historical event?
• What is the Whole Brain view standard for death?
• Elizabeth Bouvia's request to starve herself due to severe disability raises which ethical principle most directly?
• Which statement best defines positive rights?
• Involuntary euthanasia is best described as
• Active vs passive euthanasia: Which is described as 'mercy killing'?
• What is the core idea of utilitarian theories of justice?
• Year of the first successful in vitro conception?
• What is a core aim of feminist ethics?
• Which Kantian principle is central to his ethical system?
• Which theory uses universalizable maxims and treating humanity as an end in itself?
• The Salgo v. Leland Stanford case contributed to which shift in the patient-physician relationship?
• What do libertarian theories of justice advocate?
• Luke 1:44 describes the unborn as capable of responding to a greeting. What does this imply about the unborn?
• Which view claims that moral standards are determined by one's culture and vary across cultures?
• Which statement best describes the Nuremberg Code?
• Modus ponens vs modus tollens: Which form of argument states that if P implies Q and P is true, then Q must be true?
• Which statement best defines negative rights?
• Which statement correctly describes therapeutic privilege?
• Which field studies the meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs?
• Which statement about prima facie principle is true?
• Which concern suggests IVF may devalue children by treating them as products?
• Which ethical framework holds that an action with both a good and a bad effect is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect and the bad effect is merely foreseen as a side effect?
• Which term describes abortion performed to preserve the life or health of the mother?
• Which term refers to the fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of individuals and the distribution of healthcare resources?
• Which statement correctly contrasts the higher brain standard with other death criteria?
• Which statement best reflects the ethical argument in support of IVF?
• Which term describes the fertilized egg prior to implantation?
• Exodus 21:22 describes penalties when a fight injures a pregnant woman and causes premature birth. What is the offender required to do?
• The author contends that moral choices related to genetic choices intersect with almost every major ethical concern.
• Traditional view of death is
• Which statement best distinguishes act-utilitarianism from rule-utilitarianism?
• Which requirement ensures that participants give informed consent to participate in research?
• What is the primary aim of applied ethics?
• The Tuskegee syphilis study is best described as which of the following?
• Helga Wanglie case illustrates a respirator is non-beneficial because it would not restore consciousness. This concept is best described as what?
• Which view holds that right actions are those sanctioned by a person?
• Which statement best describes act-utilitarianism?
• Under the doctrine of double-effect, which condition justifies performing an action with both good and bad effects?
• Confidentiality is best defined as:
• What does distributive justice concern?
• Somatic vs germ-line: Which description accurately contrasts somatic interventions?
• Moral values are primarily concerned with which of the following?
• Which view argues that moral standards are discerned in nature through human reason?
• Which of the following is not listed among the Belmont Report's core principles?
• Which is an argument against cloning?
• Traditional surrogacy involves which insemination method?
• Which theory endorses distributing benefits through a free market and liberty rights of noninterference?
• What is fertilization?
• Approximately how many days after fertilization does the blastocyst form?
• Which statement best describes casuistry?
• Which term describes an abortion that results from natural causes such as birth defects or maternal injury?
• Which trio of moral principles is described as applying to human research ethics?
• Which theory claims that moral rightness is determined by the standards of one's culture?
• Which statement about Roe v. Wade is accurate?
• Which area focuses on the search for, and justification of, moral standards?
• Beneficence is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement is an argument against full disclosure?
• What does IRB stand for in research ethics?
• Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decided in which year?
• Which principle is not typically highlighted in the described Hippocratic Oath?
• Which statement describes rule-utilitarianism?
• It is thought that genetic errors are responsible for more than 4000 hereditary diseases.
• What is the central aim of feminist ethics?
• Which principle protects the privacy of participants in research?
• Autonomy is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement best characterizes weak paternalism?
• What statement is an argument in favor of truth-telling to patients?
• In what year was the human genome sequence published?
• Which statement aligns with Warren's view on personhood?
• Which theory asserts that the rightness of actions is determined partly or entirely by their intrinsic value?
• Which example illustrates a positive right?
• Which philosopher is credited with founding utilitarianism?
• A competent patient has the right to reject recommended treatments, even life-saving ones.
• Which fallacy describes arguing that a small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of catastrophic events?
• In which era did the Belmont Report emerge?
• Which description best captures contractarianism?
• Tarasoff v. Regents established that confidentiality can be overridden when what condition exists?
• Which view holds that there exist moral norms or principles that are valid or true for everyone?
• Which rationale is typically offered in support of cloning?
• Which theory emphasizes equal distribution of important benefits and burdens?
• Which term refers to the developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month?
• Judith Jarvis Thomson argues that abortion may be morally justified in some cases. This statement is:
• What policy prohibits discrimination based on genetic information?
• Which statement best captures the concept of autonomy in bioethics?
• Mary Anne Warren contends that a fetus satisfies none of the five traits central to personhood, and is therefore not a person. This statement is:
• Which statement best reflects Psalm 139:13's message about fetal development?
• What is a zygote?
• Which of the following is identified as a problem with refusing treatment in relation to minors?
• Which is NOT an argument against human reproductive cloning?
• Which statement best defines competence in medical decision-making?
• Which statements describe arguments in favor of active voluntary euthanasia?
• Voluntary euthanasia definition
• Gamete intra-fallopian transfer involves transferring eggs and sperm into the fallopian tube to fertilize.
• In the context of DNR and CPR, what is the stated purpose of CPR?
• Deductive vs inductive argument: Which statement correctly describes a deductive argument?
• Which oath is historically associated with non-maleficence and confidentiality?
• Futility is best described as what?
• In gestational surrogacy, the embryo carried by the surrogate is created via IVF using gametes from which source?
• In what year was the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act passed?
• Therapeutic privilege allows withholding information if disclosure is believed to cause what?
• Which duty is commonly discussed in the ethics of genetic testing?
• Which ethical theory is defined as actions that are right are those that produce the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved?
• Which statement correctly contrasts somatic versus germ-line interventions regarding heritability?
• What is the central claim of egalitarian theories of justice?
• What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
• Which statement correctly describes therapeutic studies?
• In medical ethics, 'futility' generally refers to interventions that fail to achieve a meaningful clinical goal, such as restoring consciousness or what?
• Which type of argument is intended to give probable support rather than conclusive proof?
• Which term describes the intentional termination of pregnancy through drugs or surgery?
• Which statement correctly describes how surrogates are used in decision-making?
• According to arguments for confidentiality, which outcome would occur if confidentiality is not respected?
• What does DNR stand for in medical practice?
• Moral values are primarily concerned with which of the following?
• Which option places virtue ethics as the correct framework for Aristotle’s focus on flourishing through character?
• Genesis 1:27 is commonly cited in discussions of human dignity because it states that humans are created:
• Zygote intra-fallopian transfer involves transferring a zygote into the fallopian tube.
• Which of the following best explains the ethical rationale for confidentiality?
• Which statement best defines futility in medical ethics?
• Which term refers to the development stage at which the fetus can survive outside the uterus?
• Utility is best described as a framework focused on?
• Arrange the following events in correct chronological order in human reproduction.
• Which statement best describes the Nuremberg Code?
• Which factor is cited as a pressure on clinician autonomy?
• Decision-making capacity is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of moral norms that requires they take priority in justification?
• Which philosopher is most closely associated with virtue ethics and flourishing through character?
• Which term refers to a moral norm's requirement to override competing considerations in justification?
• Which principle explicitly calls for minimizing risks to subjects in research?
• Which view maintains that moral judgments depend on an individual's personal approval rather than universal standards?
• Which position claims there exist universal moral norms true for everyone?
• Which ethical theory asserts that the rightness of actions is determined by their consequences?
• Which term denotes the end of the 8th week until birth?
• Is the primary aim of the Hippocratic Oath focused on patients' rights to decide their own medical care?
• Which idea about fetal life is reflected in Jeremiah 1:5?